The recognition of legitimate property rights for all, women and men, promotes good land management. Improving property safety has been shown to increase investments in sustainable land management practices such as tree planting and soil protection. Those who keep land safe are able and motivated to invest in resource conservation to support the country`s long-term health and productivity, without fear that it will be land that could be unfairly claimed or attacked. The current state of insecurity, both in terms of security of residential land ownership and access to the resources on which livelihoods depend, deprives the Kuchi of their power. Whatever demand-driven interventions the Afghan government and partner organizations can implement in pastoral and non-pastoral livelihoods, success can only be achieved if it rests on a solid foundation of property security. The establishment of these is a prerequisite for any further investment in these livelihoods. A distinction must be made (possibly facilitated) between community ownership (e.B pastures reserved for the resident community to which access rights may be granted to other communities) and public lands (e.B pastures that can be used by all, in accordance with the access rights agreed for certain communities). In other words, if you live in the countryside, do you have control of the administration? Feudal land ownership is a system of mutual obligations in which a royal or noble figure grants a fief – a certain degree of interest in the use or income of a particular property – in exchange for a claim for services such as military service or simply the maintenance of the land in which the lord continues to have an interest. This model was obtained from the level of the high nobility as vassals of a monarch to the lower nobility, whose only vassals were their serfs. Rights to use a common good may include rights such as the use of a road or the right to graze one`s animals on common land. Residents allow the presence of Kuchi in the countryside as long as it is seasonal. Everything is fine as long as they pitch their tents a few months a year. But the establishment of a well (not to mention a school, community health center, or veterinary clinic) is quickly linked to the increase in the Kuchi`s usual land claim, causing a negative reaction among the local resident population.

Such land insecurity hinders the modernization of the “Kuchi way of life”. How can land ownership affect the preservation of forest cover and soil protection? In developing countries, these 100 million landless farming families (the equivalent of half a billion people) are among the poorest in the world. They make up the majority or almost the agricultural population in countries such as India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala and Honduras. In addition, they make up a significant share of the agricultural population in many other countries, from Zimbabwe and Egypt to Afghanistan, Nepal and Venezuela. How to improve and secure the relationship that farm families have with land is the central principle of “land reform” – how to increase the capacity of the rural poor and other socially excluded groups to access and exercise effective control over land (Prosterman and Hanstad, 2003). Formal procedures for land ownership are still very long and costly, and the degree of agricultural land management varies between islands such as Java, with about 70 per cent of land permanently cultivated, and outlying islands such as Kalimantan and eastern Indonesia at less than 6 per cent (Birowo and Hansen, 1981). What is the appropriate role for the usual village rights and allocation systems? Land ownership is the institutional structure (political, economic, social and legal) that determines: There is a strong gender component of land ownership, as indicated in section 6.2. For a woman to be expropriated from the land she used because her husband dies while asking his relatives to take over the land seems extremely unfair and discriminatory to foreigners. But in the cities of Delhi in India and Sana`a in Yemen, for example, many women and their children live on the streets who have been thrown off their land because of these social customs. The lack of land can also present itself as a “drought non-adaptation” mechanism, where land used for agricultural livelihoods must be sold to buy food for “today” (see Section 4.1). In some countries, there have been measures to redistribute land reform to distribute ownership of large blocks of land among a larger number of poorer people.

This has happened in Zimbabwe, Pakistan and Brazil, and there is a high demand from the poor in the Philippines (see section 6.7.2) and Paraguay (where 80% of the land belongs to 2% of the population, and although laws have been enacted for this purpose, they are poorly enforced). The methods used to carry out land reform can be controversial and range from mild to robust, and unfortunate results can occur. How to establish and enforce land ownership in such situations? It is a challenge, but there are a number of efforts by governments, international organizations and even global political processes. There are too many to list here, but it`s safe to say that land ownership issues are at the forefront of global discussions on development and the environment. In general, this person will not invest in maintaining their fertility, improving their grazing or applying best water management practices on their slopes to maintain productivity and reduce erosion, unless a farmer or rancher or community in such a country is at least recognized by customary law […].